A Growing “Threat” to Society Essay Example for Free

A Growing Threat to clubho persona EssayThe network is one of the most powerful sources of information today. Thus, it has the capacity to enlighten, as well as to mislead. This double-edged potential has flexureed the earnings into the latest avenue for terrorism. Terrorists are now harnessing the power of the Internet to wreak havoc among the public (Conway, 2002). Terrorists use the Internet mainly as a propaganda tool it is a venue wherein they publicize their cause or explain their ideological justification with fall out misinterpretation or censorship.As of 2002, a majority of the 33 groups deemed foreign terrorist organizations by the United States State Department had their own web sites. There are also m any(prenominal) other websites, that, despite not being related to any terrorist group, provide information on how to commit terrorist activities such as bomb-making. The latter often escape culpable prosecution collectible to the First Amendment, which guarante es freedom of speech to the general populace (Conway, 2002). The very idea of cyberwar, however, is not without contention. For one, it is still not clear as to what differentiates cyberwar from freedom of expression.Also, there are certain Internet-related crimes that cannot be considered as cyber-terrorism, although they inflict damage upon the public. Indeed, terrorism in itself is already a notoriously difficult invention to define. The addition of computers to it further complicates the idea (Conway, 2002). The Internet A New Weapon The Internet was originally think as a means of resuming contact in the event of a nuclear attack. still due to its speed and convenience, it is currently a major venue for information, communication and commerce. As of September 2006, there were much than 1 billion Internet users worldwide (Vatis, 2006).With just one click of a mouse, an entrepreneur in Germany can deposit funds to a bank account in Switzerland and talk to a London-based cousin -german face to face through a web camera. A student in California, meanwhile, can check off everything about the Great Wall of China with merely a few keystrokes. After 9/11 It was only after 9/11 that the very plan of cyber-terrorism was actually developed. Before 9/11, Internet-related crimes were usually in the form of sending pornographic email to minors, defacing web pages, stealing credit billhook information and launching computer viruses (Conway, 2002).After 9/11, however, US officials realized that terrorist organizations could use the Internet to provide more bloodshed (Weimann, 2004). Al-Qaeda, for instance, could launch missiles or biological weapons to the US by simply pressing the embark button of a laptop (Stohl, 2006). To a certain extent, the fears of the US were well-founded. In November 2000, an electronic attack was carried out from Pakistan against the Washington-based pro-Israeli lobbying group American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).Aside from defacing AIPACs site with anti-Israeli commentaries, the attacker alike stole some 3,500 email look ates and 700 credit card numbers, sent anti-Israeli diatribes to the addresses and published the credit card info on the Internet. The Pakistani hacker, known by the alias Dr. Nuker, claimed responsibility for the incident. It turned out that Dr. Hacker was a founder of the Pakistani Hackerz Club, an organization whose objective was to hack for the injustice going around the globe, especially with (sic) Muslims (Conway, 2002).The same cyber assault was not without precedent. The Lebanese Shiite Islamic group Hezbollah established its collection of web sites in 1995. At present, the group has three websites that can be viewed in either English or Arabic one for its press office, another to describe its attacks on Israeli targets (http//www. moqawama. tv) and a third, Al-Manar TV, for news and information (http//www. manartv. com). These websites regularly provide the latest inform ation about Hezbollah, including press statements, political declarations, photos, video and audio clips.An email address is also provided as contact information (Conway, 2002). After 9/11, as a result, federal agents issued subpoenas and front warrants to almost every major Internet-based company, including America Online, MSN, Yahoo and Google. In addition, many web sites were subjected to official pulley by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Included among those that were closed down were radical Internet radio set shows such as IRA Radio, Al Lewis Live and Our Americas. The jihad web ring, a collection of 55 jihad-related websites, lost dozens of its sites due to pullouts by YahooLycos Europe, meanwhile, created a 20-person team to filter its websites for illegal natural process and terrorist-related content (Conway, 2002). Cyber-terrorism Is There Really Such Thing? One of the most common arguments against cyber-terrorism is that it is an imaginary threat (Lacey, 20 07). Contrary to popular perception, there is a minimal chance that cyber-terrorists would exact violate on innocent people by attacking corporate and governmental computer networks. As of this moment, terrorist organizations use the Internet only for fundraising, communications and propaganda.There is the possibility that terrorists might use computers as weaponry to a significant degree, but this will probably happen in the (distant) future (Conway, 2002). At present, terrorists would draw more attention to their cause by setting off bombs instead of hacking bytes (Conway, 2002). Instead of getting extremely paranoiac about cyber-terrorism, the government should instead focus on eliminating cyber attacks against companies. As of July 2002, hackers had successfully launched at least 180,000 Internet attacks against more than 400 public, private, governmental and non-profit organizations.The brunt of these attacks fell on the power and energy industries, as well as on the technolo gy and financial services. If left unchecked, these cyber attacks would be very detrimental to consumers in order to advance up for their losses to hackers, owners of the above-mentioned industries will have to raise the prices of their products and services (Fishman, Jospehberg, Linn, Pollack, Victoriano, 2002). Conclusion Paranoia over cyber-terrorism is very dangerous. Aside from diverting attention from more serious crimes such as cyber attacks, it violates civil rights and liberties. downstairs the guise of fighting terrorism, even websites whose only crime was to express radical ideas were closed down. While it is the concern of the state to safeguard its constituents from danger, doing so should not infringe their inalienable rights. It is true that terrorism might turn to cyberspace in the future in order to spread even more fear and bloodshed. But before the government rushes out to eliminate cyber-terrorists, it must first have a clear-cut concept of what constitutes cy ber-terrorism and what makes a cyber-terrorist. Otherwise, the government will end up worse than the terrorists that it aims to get rid of.References Conway, M. (2002). What is Cyberterrorism? present-day(prenominal) History, 101, 436-442. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from Academic Research Library. Fishman, R. M. , Josephberg, K. , Linn, J. , Pollack, J. , Victoriano, J. (2002). Threat of International Cyberterrorism on the Rise. Intellectual Property Technology Law Journal, 14, 23. Retrieved October 17, 2008, from ABI/ avow Global. Lacey, D. ComputerWeekly. com. (2007, April 29). How Real is the Threat of Cyber Terrorism? Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//www. computerweekly. com/blogs/david_lacey/2007/04/how_real_is_the_threat_of_cybe. html Stohl, M. (2006). Cyber Terrorism A Clear and Present Danger, the Sum of on the whole Fears, Breaking Point or Patriot Games? Crime Law Soc Change, 46, 223-238. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from SpringerLink. Vatis, M. (2006). The Next Ba ttlefield The Reality of practical(prenominal) Threats. Harvard International Review, 28, 56-61. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from ABI/INFORM Global. Weimann, G. United States Institute of Peace. (2004, December). Cyberterrorism How Real Is the Threat? Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//www. usip. org/pubs/specialreports/sr119. htmlthreat

People today freely use The Internet Essay Example for Free

throng today freely use The Internet EssayPeople today freely use The Internet, E-mail, and Online pass along to communicate with opposite people. Its a great dash to talk to loved ones who live utter virtually away, conduct business, and just shoot fun with friends, nevertheless there is a downside. People who we dont k this fast can obtain schooling about us by tracking e-mails and messages and unless these things be encrypted, everything we sp be can be pulled up and used against us. That is why people who use the Internet request to be much more aware(predicate) of their online privacy and security. The Internet started in 1969 by the U. S. overnment. They wanted a conference system that couldnt be destroyed in the event of an emergency. It consisted of four computers linked together called DARPANET. In the 1970s people found that they could use this system to send messages between the computers to get to other people. to a greater extent and more people starte d using this system and by the end of the 70s, it was international. The earliest found caller to use instant messaging was Mirabilis in November of 1996. Instant messaging is manage a peal conversation done between two people on the computer in real time. everyday companies that have instant messaging are AOL, chawbacon, and NET Messenger Service. E-mail or Electronic billet is a way of composing, sending, and receiving messages over the computer. E-mail started in 1965, which means it actually began before the Internet and in fact helped start the Internet. First e-mail was used for multiple users to communicate through a central processor computer. Now even though the brass does not have control over the Internet in pre direct day, they can distillery monitor what individuals are writing e supernumeraryly after September 11th. The Sept. 1 terrorists relied heavily on the Internet, and the hijackers appear to have plotted their carnage using yahoo e-mail. The FBI believ es they can now catch suspected terrorists by face at suspicious email, merely what constitutes suspicious? They have actual a program called Carnivore that lifes through e-mail to find suspicious information. But, critics of this are not so certain of its benefits because it can be used to look for keywords such as hijack in hoi polloi amounts of e-mails, and whenever it finds an e-mail or message that has that word the FBI is entitled to fill that message.If someone is just asking some other(prenominal) person through e-mail about the current terrorist situation will that set off an dismay with the FBI and now that persons e-mails will be tracked? Very possibly. The PATRIOT (Provide Appropriate Tools need to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) Act provides investigators with more flexibility to pursue interception of e-mail messages, and monitoring of Web surfing and other PC-based communications.But does the general public believe that that government should have the rig ht to look into hush-hush e-mails if they could catch a terrorist by doing it? According to a survey of PCWorld. m, a total of 60 percentage said they had serious concerns about giving the government more access to personal e-mail bandage 38 percent said they had little or no concern. While the government and FBI see that this is a concludedly legitimate way to weed out the terrorists in America, many others find it a complete invasion of privacy.This isnt only a government vs. he people issue. As of 2004, 1 in 5 companies has had employees electronic messages subpoenaed in the course of a lawsuit or regulatory investigation and another 13 percent of 840 companies surveyed this year have battled workplace lawsuits triggered by employee e-mail. This means that private emails existence sent while at work can be retrieved and used against a person in a court of law. The right to privacy is completely being revoked in these situations. That is why Americans need to be more aware of how to protect their privacy and there are ways to do this.First is by looking at the actual disclaimers that most people just sign without actually reading. American Online or AOL and Yahoo are two major providers of both e-mail and instant messaging. Looking into what their privacy policies are, you find this. Your stupefy information consists of personally identifiable information collected or received about you when you register. Your take aim information may be shared within AOL and its business divisions. Your AIM information, including the contents of your online communications, may be accessed and reveal in response to legal process (for example, a court order, search warrant or subpoena), or in other circumstances in which AOL has a good faith belief that AIM or AOL are being used for unlawful purposes.AOL may also access or disclose your AIM information when necessary to protect the rights or property of AIM or AOL, or in special cases such as a threat to your safet y or that of others. (http//www. aol. com/info/p_privacy. adp. ) Yahoos disclaimer is similar saying that Yahoo collects personally identifiable information when you register for a Yahoo account, and we jolly believe it is necessary to share information in order to investigate, prevent, or take action regarding contraband activities.Basically both are stating that, for the most part, our privacies are protected unless there is a need to look at the e-mails or messages being sent. That is a big but though. People should read that and decipher that the government or business we work at could basically pay back up a story as to why they need to read an email and both of these e-mail companies would have to comply. That really isnt protect us. At least we should know ahead of time though that these are the company policies so it shouldnt come as a surprise if our privacy was breached.This brings us to the concept of encryption. Chances are that nobody is ceremonial occasion the data you send out, but unless the information is over a secure (encrypted) connection, you cant be middling sure that its safe. The definition of encryption is the process of encoding information in such a way that only the person (or computer) with the key can decode it. on that point are different encryption systems, but essentially two computers have secret codes that hold the key to decoding the messages sent between them.So if a message is encrypted, only your friends computer will be able to read what you sent to them. Does this type of security interest the common person? It definitely should and is quite easy to obtain. There are messenger services that provide e-mail and instant messaging. One is called Hushmail, which includes encryption enhancements. All you have to do is sign up for it just like you would Yahoo or AOL and the only downside is that storage spot is limited. But the option is out there for people to choose safety over unnecessary storage.Yahoo nd AOL are th e trusted and most used e-mail and instant message companies so most people just subscribe to these two, but really need to research what else is out there in regards to encrypted messaging companies like Hushmail. Customers of AOL though can upgrade to AIM 5. 2, which uses encrypted messages. Yahoo on the other cut into only has a form of encryption. The system sends the message unprotected to Yahoos server. The recipient is conceden a uniform resource locator to view the document on an SSL-protected web page. Consumers feel this is a weak link because the message is still being sent without it being secure, but it is a step forward.There are other fair general steps that a consumer should do or at least think about before signing onto an e-mailing system. One is to always know the software that you are downloading onto your computer. Many programs appear to be legitimate, but they really just want to get your information and use it for bad reasons that veer into your personal privacy. Also, if a person shares a computer with many people, like a college library system, that person needs to make sure they clear their passwords and personal information before leaving their seat.And basically people just need to be more suspicious. Even though thats a bad outlook, if youre messages are not encrypted, then you need to be more aware of what youre writing. If you think it could be construed in a negative way, then you shouldnt send it over an unprotected system that could one-day work against you. In conclusion, although companies and other entities operating in the online or electronic commerce environment have a responsibility to turn back the privacy of personally identifiable information online, the Online Privacy Alliance believes that consumers also have a manipulation to play.Consumers should look for privacy policies on the web sites they visit as well as be aware of the various self-enforcement mechanisms currently available. After the tragedy of Se ptember 11th, the government does need to do certain things in order to further protect our country against another attack, but this shouldnt mean attacking Americans privacy and security. Americans shouldnt have to live in constant fear of Big sidekick looking into our personal letters and messages to loved ones and friends, and also shouldnt be afraid that some things being said are going to be taken the wrong way.That is the opposite of making us feel more secure and safe because that basically means were being attacked from within our own government. saying that, there are many things that we, as consumers, are responsible for knowing what is out there to give us more security. There is encryption and the big companies out there that provide e-mail and instant messaging are getting on board and providing encrypted programs for us to use.We should also be responsible adequate to actually read all disclaimers that we usually dont bother to read so that we are not shocked when w e learn that the government just looked at our private message to someone. Its securely as one person to fight something like Carnivore, but we can do simple things like read disclaimers, be smart about what e-mail programs we subscribe to and be safe and responsible when we are on the Internet.

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Example for Free

How Does contrivanceistry and euphony Relates to Each Other EssayArt and practice of medicine bring many cultures from all around the world together. Both express thoughts, emotions, stories, views, ideas, and opinions of human life. For instance, graphics is a form of expression as well as medicinal drug. Moreoer, medical specialty describe a somebodys culture, life, feeling and hobbies as well as art. It is how people liberty to express themselves through music in whichever focussing they prefer. as well as art and what people confront on a daily basis. Further much, art and music has change over time and it has influence in the way we overdress and dance. It also reflects on violence and drugs.Finally, entertain an extremely negative impact on the attitudes and behaviors of American y appearh. Music affects society now in days by influencing teens in the wrong way. For instance, music videos have make a humongous impact on the behavior of teens. Moreover, teens flau nt their bosoms around just because they see it on the videos so they portray the same image thinking that is the style. For example, Adriana, a cousin she dresses something similar to that and her response is that is what is in. Also, the way teens dance through music. For example, the songs Bring it, Donk, Ass by listening to this type of songs they start twerking dancing.In particular, a dance that teases and inappropriately moves. It consists of how you shake your behind. personality my perspectives about those move dances are inhuman. In addition, this type of songs has make an impact on the dances and it has everybody twerking. A dance that consist of shaking hips and bottom and bouncing up and garbage down motion, causing to shake, wobble and jiggle . Another, huge impact would be the song and dance called The Twist it had have a tremendous impact back in the days. many people were against it but some were not.Foremost, rump Johnson Jr. The Twist The Los Angeles Times, 2013 ) states. Soon, the fad hopped generations, sweeping up the Mad Men set of swinging federation men and their hip-shaking wives. Therefore, regardless if the song influences in an appropriate dance it is still going to be a big hit and it is going to have everybody dancing. Another, social message that is transmitting through music and art is the violence.For example, some friends would always-encountered dangerous scenes because of the designs imprinted on their habiliments gang related as well as the music consisting of disrespecting others. onsequently, they were getting shoot at. In addition, my cousin Arthur was involved in the Mafia. He was kill in Mexico 3 years ago because of the music he used to tilt to drugs as well as the clothes he used to were. His clothes had a picture of Mal Verde a major drug dealer. The drug music would inspire him to fight. He had a tragic death that was never solve he was kidnap and bed villainy to death. In addition, many people are being infl uence in the drug life because of their regard to those kinds of art as well as the music.On the other hand, it can inspire others to get out of that life style. For example, Biello, Johnson Jr. (The Twist The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states that Biello, who hope the Twist would ease his exit from the Mob, never did get out. He was assassinated in 1967, in broad daylight in downtown Miami. The crime was never work but was likely part of a power struggle in the top ranks of Mafia leadership. Moreover, music and art is meant for uplifting and encouraging people yet over the years it has become degrading. Finally, the way it influences the teens today.The more aggressive the music, probably the more grumpy and rebellion they tend to get. The beauty of music has exploited into evil things. For instance, the music today such as rap and hip-hop has profanity and that is the type of music that teens listing today. Consequently, can be influential, and they will try to crazy things. In c onclusion, art is music it is what gives life a meaning. For example, to share ideas, express feeling, tell a story It is what brings many different cultures together from all over the world. Weather it brings out good or bad messages it is still a form of art.

Bridge Syllabus 2012-2013 Essay Example for Free

brace Syllabus 2012-2013 Essay4. Course Overview Welcome This draw is designed for entering students who plan to major in biology at IUPUI. The overall goal is to facilitate your en essay into IUPUI, and help you succeed in college. We forget be building on academic skills you already shed and introducing you to the m some(prenominal) re line of descents available at IUPUI. During the summer, you im contribution be part of the Summer Bridge, and lead participate in secondivities with other bases of students. During the take, we exit be a section of Windows on Science (Science learning community, section 10316) which is a one credit course. The last conflux of the Windows on Science leave behind be October 25, when we register for Spring 2013 pathes. As part of the IUPUI bridge program, we volition concentrate on introducing you to the campus and preparing you for college-level coursework. This syllabus allow ingestion Oncourse (oncourse. iu. edu) to post grades, make announcements, etc. During the summer and fall you exit meet several people in the School of Science, including at least one of the professors education one of your fall degreees. These meetings willing be quite informal and allow you to learn more round acquaintance, and around the courses they teach and what it takes to succeed in them.It will also make it easier to go to them for help if you choose it later. 5. Research projections Most of you know that science is based on lots of accumulated familiarity, but you whitethorn not realize it also requires the ability to imagine what comes next, and/or innovative ways to use and transmit that knowledge to others. During the summer and fall you will work indep destructionently on three take ins designed to break you to the culture and creativity of science, and the value of both imagination and knowledge.Two of the vomit ups will be done as singulars working on subjects of their own choosing, and the third will be the whole class working on a single topic. To assist you with these projects you will be introduced to the universitys library system, the writing center (college-level writing), and the dialogue department (college-level oral presentations). These will help you not only with the bridge projects but later with Eng-W 131 and Comm-R 110, the small-arm and communication courses required for almost every major at IUPUI.Both of the individual projects will end with an oral presentation that will also include creator point slides if you need help with power point just ask either the teach or Dr. Ulbright for help. The first individual research project (Imagination) will focus on the role of imagination in scientific work. For this research project you will select a problem involving society or your community and come up with a smart idea of how you could use science to solve it. This problem rotter be economic, social, ecological, health or both other category the choice is yours .The solution can be as real-world or as creative as you wish but it must be at least partly based on some real science. This will culminate on August 15 or 16 with a short (3 -5 minutes long) oral presentation and a short (250 word) composing. In both the presentation and the paper you should explain what the problem is explain why you chose it describe your solution with relevant details suggest what should be considered in designing the solution(s) note any new problem(s) that you think your solution might cause.The second individual research project (Knowledge) will let you become an expert in one argona where science has a covert or overt community impact. You will briefly discuss how and what aras of science are involved, and probably will want to choose a topic you can relate to your proposed major and/or career. On August 23 or 30 you will give a cardinal-minute talk about your topic, including at least 6 PowerPoint slides. On August 23 you will hand in a 250 word summary/essaygER. gErglo on it. As part of this project you will learn how to use the electronic library resources for college-level research and literature searches.During bridge you will be introduced to the IUPUI library resources and as part of this project you will find two (2) pertinent research articles and one non-peer-reviewed but credible source dealing with your subject. You whitethorn not use Wikipedia, or any dictionary or encyclopedia. The third, whole-class project (Service) will have two parts both will use your media and technology skills, plus your knowledge of biology.The class will decide on the two projects they will do. For the first project, which will be done during Bridge, thither is a choice of working with 2nd grade orhigh school subjects. For both, the idea is to make believe an exercise covering a required science topic and making science interesting. Besides media skills, this will draw on your imagination, and your ideas of what students like. We hav e lists of topics for both grade levels. The second project, which we will do once the semester blow ups, is to earn tutorial presentations to help high school students master some of the tougher concepts in biology for example, the biochemistry of photosynthesis, meiosis, etc.This project will also help many of our bridge students because these subjects are covered in K101. We will try to finish both projects by phratry 29 (depends on when the selected topics are covered in K101). For additional credit, sections of the Bridge class will visit the 2nd grade classroom. 6. Bridge Scrapbook during the fall semester the class will select pictures from the Bridge and fall semester images, and create a power point scrapbook. Students will work in the teams they had for their scavenger hunt. This is due Oct 18. 7. Goals The goals of this Bridge/Window course include To help you develop the skills for success in college. Should you have any concerns about physical, academic or other c hallenges you may face as you start college, we will help you learn about solutions and assistance available to you at IUPUI and make every fret to assist you in making your Bridge and first year experience successful. To develop a group of friends who will be in some of your classes To share instruction on campus resources. To provide a stage setting for assessing interests, value, and abilities so you can make the most of your date at the university. To provide a place for students to wee a support network at the University, including faculty, staff, librarians, and students. To introduce students to the IUPUI Principles of Undergraduate Learning. To enhance visiting and respect for values and practices of the academic community, including respect for diversity, the open flip-flop of ideas, collegiality, and academic and scientific integrity. 8. Course Requirements Attend class regularly, be on time, and actively participate in class discussions and activities, includ ing fieldtrips.If you must be absent, notify the instructor (Ulbright) earlier class. Complete the four projects. For the Imagination and Knowledge projects, present your work as an oral presentation that includes PowerPoint. For the knowledge project submit a 250 essay summarizing what you learned. For the two Service Teaching Science projects, work with the class to complete and submit your part by the due dates. Learn how to use technologies such(prenominal) as Oncourse and information resources. Complete assignments and submit them by the due date. Submit daily journals and other assignments via Oncourse. Meet with the faculty member at least once forwards October 1. Meet the student mentor outside of class before October 1. Meet with the advisor and complete your preliminary academic plan by October 11, 2012. Submit your proposed schedule (OneStart shop cart) by October 18. Register for spring 2013 on October 25, 2012. Attend two campus activities/events. Shadow or interview psyche working in a job you are considering as your career or that is similar (we may do this during one of our class periods) There is NO FINAL EXAM in Windows yay 9. Grades duty assignments, construeance, journals and exercises during Bridge will be part of your Windows grade. Graded components will include Imagination Project 40 points Knowledge Project 100 points Service Project 100 points Meeting with advisor to plan spring schedule antecedent to Oct 11 25 points Meeting with student mentor during September 20 points Meeting with faculty mentor before Oct. 1 20 points Journals 10 points each Attendance 10 points per class meeting (including Bridge) alteration 20 points Career Shadowing 20 points. Campus events/activities 10 points each (you may do additional ones for special credit) Career Assignment 20 points Time Management 10 points Scrapbook 15 points Other assignments will be announced Grade Scale A = 90% and above of possible p oints B = 80% C = 70% D = 60% F = less than 60% 10. Basic Policies Attendance As you write down your college career at IUPUI, attending your courses regularly and on time will be vital to decorous a successful student. You have made a significant commitment to yourself, your college, your classmates, and your professors to be involved in the classes for which you have enrolled.Students who are present and participate are best able to learn those who regularly attend class, come prepared and on time, and participate are also in the best position to shew what they have learned. Since your college career begins with the Summer Bridge, we encourage you to make attendance and arrival times a priority. entre in the Summer Academy is a privilege therefore, we expect perfect attendance. We also expect you to stick to your classes on time and stay for the full day.If you are not willing to commit to perfect attendance and arriving to class on time, then we would like to offer your seat in the program to someone who is committed. alone documented absences for genuine emergencies will be excusable, and there will be grade penalties for incomplete company and tardiness. With traffic, parking, etc. you might have trouble getting to class on time, so being 15 minutes late once will be overlooked. After the first late arrival, each time you arrive late or leave early you will lose the points for that class meeting.For each unexcused absence during the fall semester your grade will be lowered by 1/3 (for example, from an A to an A-). In addition, if you miss more than two class meetings during the first four weeks of the fall semester without a sound excuse you will be administratively withdrawn from the fall part of the class (Windows on Science). administrative withdrawal may have academic, financial aid, and financial implications. Since it occurs after the refund period has ended you will not be eligible for a refund, and it will be difficult to add a class to rep lace the credit hour.If you have questions about the administrative withdrawal or attendance policies at any point in the semester, please contact me (Dr. Ulbright). Please keep in close touch with me if you are unable to attend class or complete an assignment on time together we can usually find a solution. Civility and Conduct Both Bridge and Windows should provide students the opportunity to understand and practice behaviors which support their learning and that of others within an atmosphere of mutual respect.This should include expectations related to respect for the rights of others, credence of ones responsibilities as a member of a community of learners, and the practice of academic integrity, such as the following from the IUPUI Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities,and Conduct http//www. iupui. edu/code The University has certain expectations as to the civility of our campus community. Among those values is fostering a climate of civility and mutual respect regardles s of race, gender, age, or status in the institution. IUPUI has achieved much(prenominal) of its promise as an urban university because we work together toward common ends.Because the university is so complex and diverse, however, we will not always agree with one another. When we disagree it must be done with civility. We encourage everyone to speak and act judiciously and with respect for one another. Also among our values are academic freedom and an open exchange of ideas and opinions. However, when there are messages displayed that promote divisiveness in our academic community we have an obligation to condemn those messages as being antithetical to our university ideals and sense of shared responsibility for each others welfare.If we are to be true to our commitment to diversity and be welcoming to all, everyone must do his or her part. We know the yucky legacy of unopposed statements of racial divisiveness and diatribe. If we dont discourage such statements, they become insi diously congenial and poison the climate of trust and respect we strive to maintain. When apathy leads us to permit discrimination or harassment because we ourselves are not objects of such behavior, we have failed our community. No set of rules or policies can tout ensemble govern human conduct.Civility is a fragile construct that each of us must treat and preserve. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism IUPUI has high expectations of its students. Academic and personal misconduct by students is defined and will be dealt with according to the procedures specified in the IUPUI Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct http//www. iupui. edu/code. There are five fundamental values that this academic community expects honesty, fairness, respect, responsibility and trust.It is important for students to be aware of the expectations of IUPUI regarding individual course work, including Oncourse assignments and examinations. Students should be aware of the rules which govern their behavior, both on and off campus, and aware of the consequences of making poor choices. Instructors have tools available through Oncourse which enable monitoring of their activity within the virtual classroom and programs such as Turnitin to detect plagiarism, and these tools can be used as evidence of academic misconduct.Please consider that retentiveness yourself to high standards of academic integrity in your college work will likely be important to you in some way in your future. Academic dishonesty limits the amount of actual learning you can carry through not learning material well in a one class means you are poorly prepared for the next class and may later effect your job performance in the future regardless of whether you are caught or not. We hope the person calculating the dosage of radiation you will receive really did earn that A in Physics.Class Etiquette The first-year seminar course is structured to be a time for learning within a civil framework. Inappropriate talking, eating, texting or working on other coursework during the class session should be avoided. Inappropriate student behavior not conducive to the puritanical functioning of the class will be identified and dealt with immediately. Tentative Fall Schedule 2012 Windows (Bridge) Section 10316 mode BS 3012 Thursdays 300 450pm August 23 IUPUI resources (online and on-campus), time to work on Service project, prototypical set of Knowledge Orals.August 30 Rest of Knowledge Orals September 6 Medical Museum September 13 Service Project and Advising September 20 TBA September 27 Role of Science in American Culture, Ethics and Science October 4 Principles of Undergraduate Education, Professional and Graduate Programs October 11 Eiteljorg Museum Career Assignment due October 18 Study abroad, Next semesters profs, Scrapbook and Schedules with sections due October 25 Registration, Pizza, Last Class.

Cooking Methods Essay Example for Free

Cooking Methods EssayBaking is a style of cookery sweet or spicy items in the dry heat of an oven. Although baking itself is a relatively easy process, it is good to have nearly knowledge of the role each ingredient plays in creating the final dish. Barbecuing Nothing beats the deep, spicy flavor of good barbecue. In the United States, barbecue refers to the slow, verifying cooking of meats over a wood, charcoal or splosh flame. The meat is a good deal seasoned with rubs, sauces or mops. This same method acting is known as barbie in Australia and braai in South Africa.Asian barbecue, on the other hand, uses thinly sliced meat and seafood, often highly seasoned, that is quick-cooked on a hot grill or a searing hotplate Deep hot up Who doesnt love fried food? Deep frying may not be the most calorie-poor way to prepare food, but it certainly produces some of the worlds tastiest. The high heat of the oil seals in a foods wet and crisps up the outside, giving that irresistab le pairing of crunchy and juicy GrillingGrilling is the quick cooking of meat, fish or vegetables over intense heat. The author of the heat can be burning wood, simmering coals, a gas flame, or an electric heating element. A related method is broiling, but with broiling the heat source comes from the top instead of the bottom Roasting Roasting is the slow cooking of meat, poultry, fish or vegetables, uncovered, with dry, indirect heat. Spit roasting was the original form. In the modern kitchen, the dry heat of an oven is preferred.Roasting is a method best used with large cuts of meat, whole poultry, whole fish, or with sturdy vegetables such as carrots, potatoes and onions. move As the term implies, steaming involves suspending food over simmering or boiling water and cooking it with the resulting steam. Steaming as a method is valued for the fact that it preserves vitamins and minerals in the food that faculty otherwise be washed away with boiling. It is also a way to cut back on fat, since none is needed, unlike sauteing or grilling.

Comparison of the discrimination Essay Example for Free

Comparison of the discrimination Es asseverateTo conclude this comparison of these cardinal groups, the Dalits in India and the Indigenous Australians, I believe their situations can be linked and related to. The Dalits in India argon regarded as the lowest of the low and are treated like rats. They are not given decent education and healthcare and not allowed to mix with non-Dalits. The IA on the other hand had there numbers worsening mostly due to the European diseases brought to the country and also due to cultural genocide (the process of winning the aboriginal children and breeding them with non IAs, thus killing off the IA population). These two groups are closely related heretofore in the case of the IAs they were the first natural inhabitants of Australia. This is the opposite to the Dalits, they were originally from India however the caste system in India has forced them into poverty. What has forced IA into poverty is the massive presence of the white population an d has made the IA into a minority. up to now there have been recent apologies by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd of Australia to the indigenous Australians, which I would say is respectful. However there has been no sympathy towards the Dalits from the upper classes, they want the Dalits to stay in this low placement for as long as possible. To conclude I believe the Dalits suffer more than the IAs, not near because of the way they are treated but the sheer number of them as a whole.BibliographyResearch on Dalits Internet (www.wiki.com, www.dalitnetwork.org)Research on IAs Internet (www.wiki.com, www.indigenous.gov.au, www.pm.gov.au/media/Speech/2008/speech_0073.cfmResearch using class notes on IAs and Dalits.

Israel †Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay Example for Free

Israel Lebanon struggle and related capers faced by the American community Es set upIntroduction At the time of iciness war, democratic humans was, virtually, confronted by only one threat, coming from communist regime of the Soviet Union. This foe, though being dangerous, was quite predictable and civilized to certain ex cristalt. After the c overage war seized it seemed that public would in conclusion find global peace and mutual consent. However, things acted different and such hopes vanished into a thin air. The initiation community faced juvenile, formerly unwitnessed, threats related to religious, national, and ethnic intolerance. Commonly accepted, though ultimately mistaken, is the belief that the combat against these threats must be narrowed down to the war against a particular enemy, human race terrorism. Comparing the senile and new world (time before and after the cold war) it must be say that confrontation betwixt democratic world and the Soviet Union was based on certain observes, preventing the world from the global conflict. oppositeness with a new enemy has no rules at all.It turns out that to settle a conflict of a new type is more difficult than it used to be, partially because of the reason that sometimes it is, practically, impossible to find a real initiator of a conflict. All participators of a conflict are guilty. Besides, among the other important reasons is the great number of conflicting parties and, as a consequence, there is a highly complicated interlacement of interests. To defend interests of one party without neglecting the interests of another one is almost an un luck intoable aim.The bright example of the conflict of new type is a currently continuing war between Israel and Lebanon. This war affects the events all over the world and American community in particular. Israel Lebanon war raises an get down of problems that need to be solved by the world leaders as soon as possible. Short Historical Back ground It is reported that on 12 July 2006 al-Jihad initiated Operation Truthful Promise named for a promise by its leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah to enthral Israeli soldiers and swap them for the remaining three Lebanese held by Israel.The early morning raid into Israeli territorial dominion resulted in eight Israeli soldiers killed and two captured. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward by and by renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israels retaliatory strike has thus far encompassed bombing raids by the Israeli phone line Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), a propel of tanks and armored personnel carriers, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ground troops.al-Jihad has simultaneously engaged in extensive rocket attacks on Israels northern cities, including Haifa. However, the Lebanese establishment has constantly disavowed Hezbollahs actions and refused to pass over them, while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict. (Wikipedia) This short passage gives a clear and boilersuit picture of the background of current situation in Middle East. It must be noted that Hezbollah operations on Israeli soldiers capture was preceded by Israel descent of the west bank of the Jordan River and Gaza Strip.This occupation was in its turn preceded by Hamas raid into Israel and capture of an Israeli soldier (CNN. com) This bundle of events can be untwined to infinity. summary of events and their projection at US Foreign polity The world community acknowledges that Hezbollah is a terrorist brass which directs its actions against Israeli state. Respectively, no one denies Israels right to protect itself and its citizens as well as no one rejects Israels demand to disarm or destroy this organization.However, Hezbollah located its armament camps on the territory of sovereign state of Lebanon, the government of which is, virtually, incapable to control the activity of this organization. Now the issue of Israel self-defense arises from a different perspective is Israel authorized to conduct array actions against terrorist organization on the territory of a sovereign awkward? And if initially most countries justified Israels actions, civilian casualties made the world be divided basing on its reaction to the Middle East conflict. As it is stated in the article at CNN.com leaders in Europe and the Middle East see the attacks against Lebanon as disproportionate and this statement provokes a new question at what exactly moment these attacks became disproportionate and Israel self-defence transformed into aggression? When ten civilians were killed or twenty? This question is not a simple one as it raises the global problem of the right to resort to weapon against certain country. It is directly related to the American community and to get into the get back of the matter it would be useful to consent recourse to the investigation of the question of the legality of the regular army incursion into Iraq.Speaking about military infringement legality, as Crahan states, the answer may seem obvious the U. N. is the worlds premier political consistency, its Charter requires earnest Council authorization for the use of tug . (Crahan et al. , p. 135) No one can disagree with this statement. The situation in which the force can be use is also obvious there should be continuous failure to execute resolving powers, carried by UN Security Council, or their systematic violation.In particular, what concerns Iraq, there was an array of resolutions carried, which Iraq refused to execute. But it is demand to clarify was it solely Iraqs fault? As Crahan further continues the world body had failed in all those years to attain the goals that the President was seeking, in large part because the Council was bitterly and chronically divided on the critical question of how sometimes even on whether to enforce its numerous resolutions on Iraq. (Crahan et al., 135) therefrom it follows that the Council, while carrying its resolutions, even if under the pressure from U. S. side, itself resists their execution. Here the EC countries and Russia are to be richly reproached. No country in the world would execute every resolutions in such circumstances. However, when it came to the point when acts of force were very likely, Iraq, nevertheless, began to execute U. N. Security Council resolutions. But this time the USA and allies decided to launch the invasion with complete neglect to international law .Such total neglect to the Council resolutions, even by its stable members, caused the situation where UN Council turned into a fake organization, unable to solve global conflicts. Now it is time to hap to the case with Israel-Lebanon war, which is more complicated. It should be noted that this war is, virtually, the war of radical Arabs against Israeli country where, unfort unately, smooth civilians have to suffer. The UN Security Council has passed corresponding resolutions against both enemy parties Hezbollah organization and Israel.It must be discover that UN Security Council also passed the resolution concerning Hezbollah in 2004 , however, two years passed and it still was not applied either. Failure to fulfill this requirement was a formal ground for Israel to attack the territory of Lebanon. Moreover, the Security console of Israel agreed Israel allow not give up its demand for Lebanon to implement U. N. resolution 1559, which calls for the disarmament of Hezbollah and any other militias, and the deployment of the Lebanese army in south Lebanon.(www. gopusa. com) However, scrutinizing this war in the context of the Arabs war against Israel, one should notice, that Israel made it its convention to violate UN resolutions as related to its enemies. It is necessary to mention the resolutions, the ground of which is the principle of land for pe ace (See resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003) at Global Policy forum, July 13 2006). Also it must be noted that Hezbollah movement is support by Syria and Iran.Syria regards Israel as enemy country due to the Israels occupation of Golan Heights, territory of Syria. The cessation of occupation of these territories, according to the land for peace resolution, would stop Syrias support of Hezbollah. beta in that confrontation is the position of the USA. One should mention Council resolution, vetoed by US, which was forwarded by Qatar as of July 13 2006. round excerpts from this resolution are relevant hereThe Security Council, Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular, 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003), Condemning military assault being carried out by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Gaza Strip, which has caused the killing and injury of dozens of Palestinian civilians, and the closing of Palestinian property and civilian infrastructure, notably Gazas main power station, and condemning also the clutch of democratically elected Palestinian and other falseicials, Condemning also the firing of rockets from Gaza into.Israel and the abduction of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza, and the recent abduction and killing of an Israeli civilian in the West Bank, Calls for the immediate and unqualified release of the abducted Israeli soldier Calls upon the Palestinian Authority to take immediate and sustained action to mould an end to violence, including the firing of rockets on Israeli territory (Global Policy meeting place, July 13 2006) What exactly in this resolution was unacceptable for Bushs administration that take a leakd it to veto the given resolution?Was not it the particular that the resolution one more time reminded of systematic UN Council resolutions violation by Israel? Was not it a reflection of double standards? The idea on this issue is clearly expressed in the a rticle The Economist Israel ignores the joined Nations and has weapons of mass destruction. So why all the fuss about Iraq? Soon after invading capital of Kuwait in 1990, Saddam Hussein realized that he had made a mistake. But as the world debates the merits of another American-led war against Mr. Hussein, the idea has returned in a new form. Israel has violated countless UN resolutions and amassed weapons of mass destruction, say those who oppose this war.Why then is Iraq singled out for yet more punishment while the Israelis get off scot-free? (www. economist. com, 2002). These question remains without answer. The analogy can be drawn between the case with Hezbollah and Israel and the fashion of a armament as regards a thief. If a thief (Hezbollah) breaks into someones house (Israel) so what shall a swarm do? He should call police (in case with Israel appeal to the UN Security Council). And what does the host do? He starts striking with his axe destroying everything on his authority, including innocent neighbours. But as it turns out the host is himself on the wanted list for countless criminal offences (resolutions violation).What is then in this situation a host, victim or criminal? And who is to be protected by police (by the USA)? Exactly such inconsistency between the crime and punishment, elevation of one party and humiliation of another, provokes the Muslim world to hate the U. S. insurance. Israels actions are treated by Arab countries as a challenge to the whole Muslim world. The USA and its citizens began to be looked at as Israels supporters who can disregard and manipulate international law leaning on their military and sparing might. For a common American citizen this is a terrible situation. In any place of the world he or she becomes an object of hatred.US governments attempt to protect its people in military manner (in Iraq) and ignoring Israels aggression created the situation when neither in Europe nor even at central office the Americans can feel safe (9/11 events). In other words, military methods, unapproved by world community, in fact, helped to solve Iraq or Hezbollah problems but immediately generated many other problems. But will Israel attain its aim (peace and remove the threat) when civilians die? Most probably it will not, while killed Hezbollah militants will be replaced by others those, who formerly were peaceful civilians but began to hate Israel because of bombings and there will be the same old story again.The way out from this predicament is to defend not only the interests of own nation and citizens but stand upon the values common to all mankind. Thus Israel defends its citizens by bombing Lebanon but it does not disquiet for dying civilians what leads to conflict escalation . Like Israel, other countries are not governed by human values too. Thus BBC reporting on the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon states A British warship has dropped off 180 UK citizens in Cyprus, and is go to B eirut to pick up more people, A Norwegian ferry has taken hundreds of Norwegians, Swedes and Americans to Cyprus, while a US-chartered ship has left Beirut with US citizens (BBC News). The immediate question arises should not they take first women and children from the territory of conflict?Only when American community realizes that human values are more important than any other, national, religious, ethnic or racial interests, and politicians adhere to this principle, only then the attitude of the world towards the USA and its citizens will change. Another aspect, that American community is confronted with, is constantly increasing military expenses. One can extirpate radicalism and extremism by military means but there is also a chance first to find reasons that induce extremism and then try to eliminate these reasons. Thus Ahmad S. Mousalli in the article Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response The Cases of Lebanon and promised land claims that Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine are plagued, in one way or another, with poverty, inflation, underemployment, and exploitation. legion(predicate) Palestinians or Egyptians, for instance, may turn to Islamism because of the corruption of their political elites, exploitation of the nouveau riche, nepotism, favoritism and the like. (1996, 53) In this view the part of expenses, spent on army, could have been directed to support and reorganize economy of the Middle East countries. One more thing that deserves American communitys attention is that while possessing the veto power in UN Security Council, the US government abuses its power. To prove it there is a table below which shows the frequency of the use of the veto in the Security Council by different countries during the last decade. Period China* France Britain US Russia Total 2006 1 1 2005.2004 2 1 3 2003 2 2 2002 2 2 2001 2 2 2000 0 1999 1 1 1998 0 1997 1 2 3 1996 0 Table is taken from Glob al Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council Retrieved from http//globalpolicy. igc. org/ certification/data/vetotab. htm The USA has a strong leading position in this table. This table is the confirmation of the avocation statement Many member states have expressed their criticism of the veto, arguing that the veto privilege is an anachronism responsible for more than of the Security Councils undemocratic and ineffective procedures.Not surprisingly, those enjoying the power of the veto dont want to give it up. (Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto) So, the countries with veto power in Security Council should abandon it. Conclusion The situation well-nigh Israel and Lebanon is not an exceptional one it reflects the general tension in the world. This war only confirms that the world policy desperately needs revision. It is necessary to establish new world order and the USA has to head this process. internationalistic relations must be esta blished upon the principles different from those existing today, in particular, economically powerful country while taking any actions is obliged to take into account the interests of less developed countries.To settle conflicts it is necessary to resume the authority of United Nations and entitle it to make decisions as regards resorting to force in conflict settlement. The resolutions carried by this organization must be mandatory to all countries. This conclusion can be best supported by words uttered by the ex-president of the USA immediately after the cold war a new era-freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony a world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle where the strong respect the rights of the weak. (Miller, Yetiv 2001, 56) Unfortunately, in 15 year period following that speech news l ine on BBC says The USA is going to accelerate military supplies of high-precision missiles to Israel. (BBC News) This is exactly the way George Bush junior and Israel decided to realize Bush seniors dream of the harmony in the world. Works Cited BBC News Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids BBC News 19 July 2006. 22 July 2006 http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5193662. stm.Crahan, Margaret E. , Goering John, and Weiss Thomas G. struggles on Terrorism and Iraq Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York Routledge, 2004. Global Policy Forum Draft Resolution Proposed by Qatar, Vetoed By US.. July 13, 2006 http//globalpolicy. igc. org/ trade protection/issues/israel-palestine/un/2006/0714draft. htmGlobal Policy Forum The Power of the Veto. July 2006 http//globalpolicy. igc. org/security/membship/veto. htm Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council July 2006 http//globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm Hezboll ah battle along border. United Press International. Gopusa Israel. 19 July 2006 http//www. gopusa. com/news/2006/july/0719_israel_hezbollah. shtml.Kirkwood-Tucker, Toni Fuss. Germanys Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U. S. -German Relations. Social Education. 68. 4 (2004) 285+. Labott, Elise U. S. diplomatic options limited in Israel-Lebanon conflict. CNN. com Jul 15, 2006.22 July 2006 http//www. cnn. com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/15/btsc. labott. diplomacy Miller, Eric A. , and Yetiv Steve A. The New World Order in Theory and Practice The Bush Administrations Worldview in Transition. presidential Studies Quarterly 31. 1 (2001) 56. Mousalli, Ahmad S. Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine. Arab Studies Quarterly 18. 3 (1996) 53+. Press expelling SC/8181. Security Council. 09 Feb. 2004 http//www. un. org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8181. doc. htm. 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 July 2006 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict